@patent {breidford_united_2009, title = {United {States} {Patent}: 7544506 - {System} and method for heating, cooling and heat cycling on microfluidic device}, number = {7544506}, year = {2009}, month = {jun}, abstract = {An integrated heat exchange system on a microfluidic card. According to one aspect of the invention, the portable microfluidic card has a heating, cooling and heat cycling system on-board such that the card can be used portably. The microfluidic card includes one or more reservoirs containing exothermic or endothermic material. Once the chemical process of the reservoir material is activated, the reservoir provides heat or cooling to specific locations of the microfluidic card. Multiple reservoirs may be included on a single card to provide varying temperatures. The assay chemicals can be moved to the various reservoirs to create a thermal cycle useful in many biological reactions, for example, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or rtPCR. According to another aspect of the invention, the integrated heat exchanger is an adjacent microfluidic circuit containing fluid that is either independently heated or cooled, or is an exothermic or endothermic material, such that the fluid in the adjacent circuit imparts a change in temperature to the assay fluid in an independent circuit. According to yet another aspect of the invention, a thermal electric cooler (TEC) is used for thermocycling the amplification chamber of a disposable microfluidic card.}, url = {http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2\&Sect2=HITOFF\&p=1\&u=\%2Fnetahtml\%2FPTO\%2Fsearch-bool.html\&r=11\&f=G\&l=50\&co1=AND\&d=PTXT\&s1=\%22Weigl\%3B+Bernhard\%22.INNM.\&OS=IN/\%22Weigl;+Bernhard\%22\&RS=IN/\%22Weigl;+Bernhard\%22}, author = {Breidford, Wayne and Lancaster, Christy A. and Hayenga, Jon Wallace and Bardell, Ronald L. and Tonn, Jeffrey F. and Weigl, Bernhard H.} } @patent {battrell_united_2008, title = {United {States} {Patent}: 7416892 - {Method} and system for microfluidic manipulation, amplification and analysis of fluids, for example, bacteria assays and antiglobulin testing}, number = {7416892}, year = {2008}, month = {aug}, abstract = {A microfluidic system for isolation and amplification of DNA or RNA from aqueous solutions and detection of the DNA or RNA on a lateral flow detection strip, including a disposable microfluidic card for use in analysis of bacteria in platelets and an analysis of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in urine. The card will include an embedded membrane that filters out cells and cellular debris. Any biological debris on the membrane will be lysed and the DNA or RNA amplified via PCR amplification protocol, including appropriate reagents and thermal cycling conditions. The amplified DNA or RNA are transferred to a lateral flow detection strip for a visual diagnostic read out. An alternate embodiment includes a microfluidic card for use in typing antiglobulin assays.}, url = {http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2\&Sect2=HITOFF\&p=1\&u=\%2Fnetahtml\%2FPTO\%2Fsearch-bool.html\&r=13\&f=G\&l=50\&co1=AND\&d=PTXT\&s1=\%22Weigl\%3B+Bernhard\%22.INNM.\&OS=IN/\%22Weigl;+Bernhard\%22\&RS=IN/\%22Weigl;+Bernhard\%22}, author = {Battrell, C. Frederick and Shen, Mingchao and Weigl, Bernhard H. and Houkal, Jeffrey M. and Lancaster, Christy A. and Breidford, Wayne} }